Reuther Comparative Vocabulary List This web page presents a never before published comparative vocabulary list in a range of languages spoken near KAti Thanda Lake Eyre, South Australia, that was collected by Rev. J.G. Reuther. The unpublished list is stored in the archives of the South Australian Museum, which also has a typed up version that includes English translations (with notes on translations, probably provided by Ted Vogelsang in the 1930s, given here as "SAM gloss:"). There are 1,747 items in the comparative list, however not all forms are given for all the languages. Where possible, we have provided equivalents in modern spelling based on a range of sources, including our own fieldwork and that of Hercus and Breen. Notes on particular entries or forms are also provided. For more details see the User Guide. --> User Guide (new tab) (c) 16 May 2026, Peter K. Austin Creative commons licence Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International --> CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 no Wangkangurru Thirari

Ngamini Diyari a-ai a'ayi Yawarrawarka a'ayi Yandruwandha a'ayi Kuyani

also, too Wangkangurru jenia Wangkangurru nyurdu Arabana nyurdu Thirari

Ngamini Diyari bakana pakarna Yawarrawarka nguka Yandruwandha yalani Kuyani Kuyani Kuyani

Comparative Words Set 2 --> Comparative words supplement (new tab) to stand still, to stand firm "to stand firmly quiet" Wangkangurru ngurru-wityi-rnda Arabana Thirari yellow Wangkangurru paru Arabana paru Thirari Comparative Words Supplement Set 157 --> Comparative words (new tab) to dig Wangkangurru paka-rnda Arabana paka-rnda Thirari Comparative Words Supplement Set 48 --> Comparative words (new tab) to be greedy Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to take greedily "to take eagerly" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari amorous person (of men; of women) Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari rib Wangkangurru pangki Arabana pangki Thirari SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) pankitiri. Yaluyandi (Hercus) diparri. to present, to give, to donate Wangkangurru paku-Ru ngunhi-rnda Arabana paku-Ru ngunyi-rnda Thirari These forms consist of for nothing, useless inflected for ergative case plus the verb to give Cognate Set No. 14 "to give a cross appearance"" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to be guilty "to owe anything" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to trot Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari in vain, for nothing Wangkangurru paku-Ru Arabana paku-Ru Thirari These forms are all inflected for ergative case and occur in transitive clauses -- cf. Cognate Set 15. Breen gives Yandruwandha ngaRu as voice. Breen gives madlhantyi in Yandruwandha for useless; this is cognate with the Diyari word madlhantyi bad. Dictionary Comparative Wordlists Supplement Set 148. useless Wangkangurru paku Arabana paku Thirari The Kuyani form appears to be inflected for ergative case -- see Cognate Set 14 Dictionary Comparative Wordlists Supplement Set 147. to change, to transform Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari dangerous No entries given for any language navel Wangkangurru minta Arabana minta Thirari Breen also gives pirda in Yawarrawarka for navel; Diyari has this as an alternative form. Reuther's "wadi" is unknown. net Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari net, bag, small bag Wangkangurru munta Arabana munta Thirari Dictionary Comparative Wordlists Supplement Set 9, 156. to be annoyed, to be angry Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to make sour, to inflate, to swell "to swell, to puff up, to soar through" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to repent, to regret, to demand Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari rueful "penitent" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to humiliate "to shame" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to mourn, to be timid "compassionate" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari blind Wangkangurru kunku Arabana kunku Thirari bread Wangkangurru murru Arabana murru Thirari These entries mean vegetable food; post-contact this was extended to left over bread, morsels of bread, crumbs bread Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari dry bread Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari bush "bush (bukabuka, bukangandra = same)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to stoop, to bow Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari corner, joint, limb "corner, joint, dew Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari exclamation of surprise Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to drown Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari flat Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to frighten, to alarm "to terrify" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari

Ngamini Diyari burkadangana purka danga-rna Diyari yapa danga-rna Yawarrawarka purka dranga-indri Yandruwandha purka dranga-Ri Kuyani

hip-joint Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari all Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) purdu. conscience "consciousness (ngana ngaiala = same)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari half-satiated Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to itch Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari

Ngamini Diyari bununuparana pununu parra-rna Yawarrawarka purnunu parra-indri Yandruwandha purnunu parra-Ri Kuyani

dejected, faint-hearted Wangkangurru burkaburka ngadla Arabana Thirari to oppress to press Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari loam, morass, mud "clay" Wangkangurru mulyurru Arabana mulyurru Thirari lung Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari compassionate "to mourn, to be ashamed" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to grumble "to be annoyed, to be cross, to grumble" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to be of good cheer "to be in a good spirit" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari seedfield "cornfield" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari sourdough, leaven "leaven, that which turns sour" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari I do not know, I cannot Wangkangurru Arabana pani Arabana maltya Thirari SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) pulu. satiated with food and drink "to be satisfied (food and drink)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari shrub used to start a fire Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Breen (2015: 92) gives Yandruwandha pundri as turkey bush, Eremophila gilesii to interrupt one's work, to disturb one's work "to disturb one at work" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari dough, paste Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari harmless, not dangerous Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari fruit, grain, corn Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to defend, to forbid Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari detestable, horrible Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to ascend, to rise Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to dissolve, to loosen, to get out, to extract, to take off Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to meet Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to confirm, to strengthen Wangkangurru ngurru-ma-rnda Arabana Thirari supple, flexible Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to bind Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari lobe of the ear; leaf "leaf, ear" Wangkangurru yarri Arabana yarri Arabana Thirari SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) talpa. Kuyani cognates yuRi in Adnyamathanha, Nukunu, Nauo, Kaurna, Wirangu Cognate Set No. 356 to throw stones; to throw somebody down on hard ground Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari sun Wangkangurru muyu Arabana muyu Thirari Barngarla yoorndoo, Adnyamathanha yurndu sun Adnyamathanha online, cf. "yuntu" Schebeck (1974: 232). to brood Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari thorns, stings Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to threaten, to curse Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari thin, soft, pliable Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari lonely Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to nauseate No forms given for any language end, terminal, place where one finishes Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari hard earth Wangkangurru Arabana Arabana Thirari firm, fixed, permanent "firm, immoveable (daturu = same)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Breen (2015: 96) gives thakurru meaning slowly to give birth, to be born, to collide, to knock against "to give birth, to meet, to strike, to uintentionally find something" Wangkangurru

Arabana dankata Thirari

to find something without looking, to transgress "to trespass" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to chase away, to drive off "to hunt away, to frighten away" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to displace, to derange, to roll Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to move along Wangkangurru

Arabana witinta Thirari

Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka diringandri Yandruwandha Kuyani

to move along very fast Wangkangurru Arabana paljitjinta Thirari

Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka jerranandri Yandruwandha Kuyani

foot, calf Wangkangurru nguripulta Arabana Thirari stench Wangkangurru puka Arabana puka Thirari to obey, to be obedient "to listen to, to be obedient" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) talpakuldrujeli. chequed, bright, gay-coloured "spotted, grey" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to lead outside Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to come forth, to go outside, to come outwards Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to ring Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari marrow (of bones) Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari disobedient Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to tear away Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to mix Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari tomorrow, morning Wangkangurru wangara Arabana wangara Thirari SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) "tankubana". Cognate Set 1262, Cognate Set 1321 Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari muscles Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to track Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to name Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to sneeze Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to throw down, to shatter Wangkangurru

Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani tease (maliciously) Wangkangurru dilpana Arabana Thirari to promise "whispering in the ear" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) talpawonkijiribana. The Yandruwandha-Yawarrawarka forms literally mean 'to pierce someone's ears'. Diyari has an equivalent tharlpa daka-rna. Cognate Set 134, 135. to nurse, to wish a person well Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to press Wangkangurru Arabana to ride Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari round, circular Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari sandhill Wangkangurru mudlu Arabana mudlu Thirari Yaluyandi (Hercus) daku. saw Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari sand washed against the bank of a river etc Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari sun beams Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari stars Wangkangurru kardipirla Arabana kardipirla Thirari Barngarla boordli, Adnyamathanha vurdli, Nukunu purdli, Ngadjuri"budli", Kaurna "purle". calm; silence Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to stumble Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to engrave, to write "to stab, to write" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to knock oneself "to meet someone" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to rub, to grind, to sharpen Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to cut Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari millipede Wangkangurru marpanti Arabana marpanti Thirari deaf Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) talpakuru. deep Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to carry carefully, to be careful Wangkangurru Arabana ngurku-ma-rnda Thirari disgusted, tired of something "weary" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari bank (of a river etc.) Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari to turn back, to return Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to sweep, to scour, to scrub Wangkangurru parlu-ma-rnda Arabana parlu-ma-rnda Thirari parlu-nganka-rda Ngamini parlu-naka-rna Diyari Yandruwandha drangka-Ri Kuyani Kuyani Most of these forms are based on empty, bare Cognate Set No. 367, No. 1020, No. 1049, No. 1057 to stagger about Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari unskilful "ignorant" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) mankapunka to bid farewell, to depart Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari darni-rnda Ngamini darnda darni- Diyari darni-rna Yawarrawarka darni-indri Yandruwandha darni-windri-Ri Kuyani to dislocate, to sprain Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari dulyi-rnda Ngamini Diyari Yandruwandha drulyi-Ri Kuyani dulyi-nta to promise "to bind oneself to a promise" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini ngaRa-tyanda ngaRa-tyarri- Diyari tharlpa daka-rna Yawarrawarka thatpa draka-indri Yandruwandha tharlpa draka-Ri Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) talpadakana. The Ngamini form is reflexive and means "to hear oneself". Cognate Set 106, 135. to betrothe, to engage Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari tharlpa daka-tharri-rna Ngamini thaRpa dartityanda thaRpa darti-tyarri- Diyari tharlpa daka-mali-rna Yawarrawarka thartpa draka-yindri-Ri Yandruwandha tharlpa draka-yindri-Ri Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) talpadakamalina. These forms mean 'to promise' and literally consist of 'ear strike-reciprocal'. Cognate Set 106 and 134. to waste, to squander Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari thintha-rnda Ngamini nyulku-rna Diyari Yandruwandha yika-yika-Ri Kuyani Breen (2015: 74) also gives Strzlecki Yandruwandha nyulka-Ri to lose, which is cognate with the Ngamini form, and walyawalyaka- to dislocate, to sprain No entries given. See Cognate Set 133 to dictate, to prescribe, to order, to direct "to set an example" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari daka-iyirpa-rnda Ngamini daka-parpa-rna Diyari daka-ipa-rna Yawarrawarka draka-na-Ri Yandruwandha Kuyani Forms consist of to stab, pierce plus the altrusitic stem forming affix. Compare Cognate Set 118. to wander "to travel (wirarina = the same)" Wangkangurru yuka-rnda Arabana yuka-rna marka-rnda Thirari wapa-rnda markuwara-rnda Ngamini wapa-rna paRka-rna Diyari Yawarrawarka thawa-thawa-marka-indri Yandruwandha Kuyani to throw Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari wound, sore Wangkangurru Arabana withi Thirari minthi Ngamini mintyi Diyari Yandruwandha withi Kuyani mingka Reuther's Wangkangurru is an error for puntha-rta to suck Compare Kuyani to Wirangu and Parnkala mingga. Yaluyandi (Hercus) dapa. Reuther dictionary comparative words Set 155. to drink Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to pull, to drag, to rend Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to destroy, to scatter, to lay waste, to ruin Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to bring back Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to fit out, to equip Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to return in numbers, (as a troop) Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to return one by one Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari leprosy, ulcer, abscess Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to peel, to shell, to draw off Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari parlu-nganka-rda Ngamini parlu-naka-rna Diyari kiltya-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha tyirra-Ri Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kiltjana. The Thirari and Ngamini forms mean 'to make bare'. Cognate Set No. 367, No. 1057, No. 1020, No. 1049 fat, grease "fat (mani is also fat)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kilthi Ngamini Diyari kilthi Yawarrawarka yilthi Yandruwandha kilthi Kuyani The Diyari and Yandruwandha forms mean grease, melted fat. to despise "to disdain" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kilyparina. irreligious, ungodly, impious Wangkangurru Arabana impiety "ungodliness (word coined by Reuther)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani slope Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kaldikaldi Ngamini kaldrikaldri Diyari kalikali Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani mountain-side Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari marda kalikali Yawarrawarka mardra kalikali Yandruwandha mardra kalikali Kuyani evening Wangkangurru wanga-nga Arabana kalka-nga Thirari kalkawarra Ngamini kalkawarra Diyari kalkawarra Yawarrawarka kalkalka-nyi Yandruwandha kalkalka-yi Kuyani evening glow, sunset glow Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to collect avariciously, to store "to gather with greediness, to store up" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani eaglehawk Wangkangurru karrawaRa Arabana Thirari karrawaRa Ngamini karrawaRa Diyari karrawaRa Yawarrawarka karrawaRa Yandruwandha karrawa Kuyani karrawaRa to be compassionate, to be charitable Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kalhu miltya-miltya ngana-rnda Ngamini kalhu miltya-miltya-nta kalhu miltya-miltya-ni- Diyari kalhu miltya-miltya-ri-rna Yawarrawarka kalhu miltya-miltya-na-Ri Yandruwandha Kuyani to give alms Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari

Ngamini Diyari kalumiltjamiltjandrujinkina kalhu miltyamiltja-ndru yingki-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

people of the same age, people born on the same day Wangkangurru kalibamara Arabana Thirari karlipa-maRa-wurlu Ngamini karlu-maRa-kuli Diyari karlu-maRa Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani queen-ant "flying ants (also termites) Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani Reuther's Yandruwandha and Yawarrawarka froms mean "ant mother". to answer Wangkangurru wangka parda-rnda Arabana wangka parda-rnda Thirari wangka parda-rnda Ngamini kalapa-rna Diyari kalapa-rna Yawarrawarka kalapa-indri Yandruwandha parlpa pardra-Ri Kuyani The Arabana-Wangkangurru and Yandruwandha forms mean "to get language". Comparative Words Supplement Set 7 --> Comparative words (new tab) to touch Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari karrakarra-rnda Ngamini karrakarra-rna Diyari karrakarra-rna Yawarrawarka parda-parda-indri Yandruwandha pardaparda-Ri Kuyani Breen (2015: 81) glosses pardaparda as suck. to annoy, to seduce Wangkangurru karkarka-rnda Arabana karkarka-rnda Thirari karkarka-rnda Ngamini kirdakirda-rna Diyari karkarka-rna Yawarrawarka karka-karka-indri Yandruwandha karkarka-Ri Kuyani vexed Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari armpit Wangkangurru kilyi-kilyi Arabana kilyi-kilyi Thirari kilyi-kilyi Ngamini kapurra Diyari Yandruwandha kapurru Kuyani belch "act of hiccoughing after a meal" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to hang up something, to dry Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kathi-ipa-rnda Ngamini kathi-ipa-rna Diyari kathi-ipa-rna Yawarrawarka watyina-Ri Yandruwandha walki-na-Ri Kuyani to pick up from the ground Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari miri nganka-rda Ngamini kuru-ngka nganaka-rna Diyari Yawarrawarka kandraka-thatya-Ri Yandruwandha kandraka-thalka-Ri Kuyani Reuther's Yawarrawarka cognate shows *lk --> ty sound change. to open one's heart "to open out (to press over heart)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kalhu paki-rnda Ngamini kalhu purrutyanta Diyari kalhu paki-rna Yawarrawarka kalhu paki-Ri Yandruwandha kalhu paki-Ri Kuyani Comparative Words Supplement Set 146 --> Comparative words (new tab) to burst open a boil, to burst Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to dust Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to extinguish, to fail to remember Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari

Yawarrawarka kalitauari Yandruwandha Kuyani

to extinguish, to remember no more "to wipe out, not to think of it any more" Wangkangurru Arabana wiliwonta Thirari

Ngamini Diyari kalina Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

See also Cognate Set 1748. "except and without Wangkangurru utatatnakiti Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani stone axe Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani band, ribbon Wangkangurru

Arabana karali Thirari

Ngamini Diyari karina Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

to close in, to lock in, to enclose, to besiege Wangkangurru kapikapinta Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to wrap around "to twist around" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to touch "to touch, to feel" Wangkangurru Arabana man, human being Wangkangurru yuwu Arabana nharla Thirari karna Ngamini karna Diyari karna Yawarrawarka karna Yandruwandha karna Kuyani thuRa possessed person "demonic person" Wangkangurru yuwu kutyi-purru Arabana nharla kutyi-purru Thirari karna kutyi-purru Ngamini karna kutyu-ntyutu Diyari karna kutyi-nthu Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha karna kunki-mintyi Kuyani thuRa kutyi-purru vanquish "conquered" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kalala nganka-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani shameless, impudent Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kawukawu Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to beg, to extort, to force Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kawukawu wapa-rnda Ngamini kawukawu wapa-rna Diyari kawukawu wapa-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to beg with the eyes "to look beggarly" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kawukawu ngana-rnda Ngamini kawukawu-nda Diyari kawukawu ngana-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani (no entry) "to decline the head" Wangkangurru yanku kudni-nda r Arabana yanku kudni-rnda Thirari yanku kurra-rnda Ngamini katu kurru-rna Diyari katu kurra-rna Yawarrawarka kankuna kurra-indri Yandruwandha kankunu kurra-Ri Kuyani All the language forms seem to mean 'to put down a windbreak'. bitter Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kaldi Ngamini kaldri Diyari kaldri Yawarrawarka kaldri Yandruwandha kaldri Kuyani rushes Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari karlku Yawarrawarka karlku Yandruwandha karlku Kuyani to get very angry, to roar, to bellow "to become very cross and annoyed, to roar" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani diarrhoea Wangkangurru Arabana small lizard Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kadni Ngamini kadni Diyari kadni Yawarrawarka kani Yawarrawarka kurla Yandruwandha kani Kuyani kadnu Barngarla gadnoo blue tongue lizard This lizard is known as 'stumpy-tail lizard', 'bluetongue lizard', 'shingleback lizard'. Its scientific name is Tiliqua rugosa. goanna "large lizard" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kapirri Ngamini wampirka Diyari kapirri Yawarrawarka kaRingkarra Yandruwandha man.gali Kuyani pardna Barngarla bardna goanna Breen (2015: 144) gives kaRingkarra as goanna as a Yawarrawarka term, but gives man.gali as Yandruwandha for a species of yellow goanna. egg Wangkangurru papu Arabana papu Thirari kapi Ngamini pampu Diyari kapi Yawarrawarka pampu Yandruwandha pampu Kuyani pipi Adnyamathanha vipi egg from Adnyamathanha online. I don't know Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari nganaku Ngamini nganaku Diyari kaRa kaRa Yawarrawarka kaRa Yandruwandha Kuyani The Wangkangurru, Thirari, Ngamini and Kuyani forms mean "I do not know". Yandruwandha "jelanginiji" appears to consist of yala same and "ngini" (unidentified) plus -yi the locative case marker. either-or "to select, to pick out" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani firm earth, hard earth "firm and hard ground" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani sound, ring Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari karta Ngamini karta Diyari karta Yawarrawarka karta Yandruwandha karta Kuyani to make resound "to sound anything" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari karta-nga-iyirpa-rna Yawarrawarka karta-ka-indri Yandruwandha karta-ka-Ri Kuyani louse Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kata Ngamini kata Diyari kata Yawarrawarka kadra Yandruwandha kadra Kuyani to long for food "to desire after food" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini kalhu marra-rna Diyari kalhu marra-rna Yawarrawarka kalhu marra-indri Yandruwandha Kuyani red ochre Wangkangurru arkapa Arabana arkapa Thirari ngarkapa Ngamini karku Diyari karku Yawarrawarka kampara Yandruwandha kampara Kuyani river, Milky Way Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini paRi Diyari kaRirri Yawarrawarka kadri Yandruwandha kadri Kuyani paRi to patch, to mend, to sew Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari karpa-rnda Ngamini karpa-rna Diyari karpa-rna Yawarrawarka karpa-indri Yandruwandha karpa-Ri Kuyani reward "to requite" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to curse, to swear Wangkangurru Arabana type of frog Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) karladiri. woman who has an inferior position Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari friend Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kamanali Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to freeze, to feel cold Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani chain Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kanyangari Yawarrawarka jail, prison Wangkangurru Arabana to recover "was (jildri nganana = same)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani thoroughly healthy "quite healthy" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani "aviricious" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani checked (of material) "spotted stuff (tali karpakarpa indistinct, jaura karpakarpa unintelligible language)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari karpakarpa Ngamini karpakarpa Diyari karpakarpa Yawarrawarka karpakarpa-na-indri Yandruwandha karpakarpa-na-Ri Kuyani karpakarpa (no entry) "not quite healthy" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani grass Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kantha Yawarrawarka kantha Yandruwandha kantha Kuyani kantha type of grass Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani mother's mother Wangkangurru kadnhini Arabana kadnhini Thirari kadnhini Ngamini kanyini Diyari Yandruwandha kanyini Kuyani kanyiyi father's mother "grandmother from father's side" Wangkangurru apirla Arabana apirla Thirari Ngamini kami Diyari kami Yawarrawarka kami Yandruwandha kami Kuyani to become green Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari

Ngamini Diyari kanta kulja pandriati kantha kulya pantya-yathi Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

to hate Wangkangurru kudlanta Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani ornamental collar of straw "neck attire of straw" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani captain, leader Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kapa-kaparra Ngamini kapa-kaparra Diyari kapa-kaparra Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani today Wangkangurru anti Arabana anti Thirari karaRi Ngamini kari Diyari karaRi Yawarrawarka kayiri Yandruwandha kayiri Kuyani very hot "very hot (woldra pirna means the same)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka walpanggarra Yandruwandha makamaka-li Kuyani For most languages, this is the causative or ergative case form of Cognate Set 231. hot wind Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha walpanggarra Kuyani puthurru This is the unflected form of entries in Cognate Set 230. Dictionary Comparative Wordlists Supplement Set 153. Comparative Words Supplement Set 153 --> Comparative words (new tab) to roll down, to plunge down "to roll down, to push down" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to throw oneself down, to hurl oneself down, to roll Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kikilyari-rnda Ngamini kikilyari-rna Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani hip Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kapa Ngamini kapa Diyari kapa Yawarrawarka kapa Yandruwandha kapa Kuyani These terms seem to mean "waist, loins" not "hip". See Cognate Set 257. type of wood "kind of wood, palkura" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka kalyu Yandruwandha kalyu Kuyani Crombie et al. (2021: 127) give Wangkangurru kalyu as "bramble wattle". This is the common name for Acacia victoriae. Breen (2015: 22) gives Yandruwandha-Yawarrawarka kalyu as type of wattle, that is, a kind of Acacia. to wait Wangkangurru wanti-rda Arabana Thirari Ngamini kaRka-rna Diyari kalka-rna Yawarrawarka wara-indri Yandruwandha kalka-Ri Kuyani Dictionary Comparative Wordlists Supplement Set 149. to hope Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari now Wangkangurru Arabana one who makes grimaces, one who disguises himself "duffer who cuts faces to allure" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kangi-yitya Yawarrawarka kangi-purra Yandruwandha kangi-purra Kuyani beetle Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani boy "son, boy, lad" Wangkangurru thutirla Arabana thutirla Thirari kanku Ngamini kanku Diyari kanku Yawarrawarka Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha muruwa Kuyani Yandruwandha muruwa means "little boy". Breen also gives kan.gu for boy. uncircumcised male Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari karruwali Ngamini karruwali Diyari karruwali Yawarrawarka karruwali Yandruwandha karruwali Kuyani to circumcise, to make a man Wangkangurru karna-ma-rnda Arabana yuRu-ma-rnda Thirari mathari-nganka-rda Ngamini mathirda-naka-rna Diyari karruwali-nganka-rna Yawarrawarka karru-ka-Ri Yandruwandha karru-ka-Ri Kuyani to tickle Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini yupu-yupu-rna Diyari karrakarra-ra-rna Yawarrawarka yupa-yupa-Ri Yandruwandha yupa-yupa-Ri Kuyani material, dress "stuff, dress" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini katyu Diyari kathi Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to climb Wangkangurru Arabana wanka-rda Thirari kathi-ipa-rna Ngamini kathi-ipa-rna Diyari kathi-rna Yawarrawarka watyi-thatya-Ri Yandruwandha kaRi-thalka-Ri Kuyani Reuther seems to have mixed up intransitive translations (Diyari, Arabana, Wangkangurru, Yandruwandha) and transitive translations (Thirari, Ngamini) in these entries. Breen (2015: 110) gives Yandruwandha walki-thalka for 'to climb' and this may be cognate with Reuther's "watjitatjari" watyi-thatya-Ri with the regular correspondence of Yandruwandha lk to Reuther's Yawarrawarka ty. circumcised male Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari karruwali Yawarrawarka karru-la Yandruwandha karru-la Kuyani headman, chief Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kaparra Ngamini kaparra Diyari kaparra Yawarrawarka kaparra Yandruwandha kaparri Kuyani kaparra come! Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka kapara Yandruwandha kapara-malka Kuyani Reuther's German translation is for a singular addressee. come! Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani Reuther's German translation is for plural addressees. crow Wangkangurru wakarla Arabana wakarla Thirari wakarla Ngamini kawalka Diyari kawalka Yawarrawarka kawalka Yawarrawarka wakiRi Yandruwandha kawalka Kuyani wakarla Breen (2015: 29) notes "BK once gave the name of a totem as wakiri and translated it as ‘crow’, but it comes from one of the languages just to the north." Kuyani has a cognate in Nukunu wakarla clover "edible plant" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kalhumpa Ngamini kalhumpa Diyari kalhumpa Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SAM copy has note: "According to Basedow (Australian aboriginal 1925 p.50 this is "nardoo" (Marsilia) but this appears to be incorrect. T." spear Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini wanakuyu Diyari kalthi Yawarrawarka windra Yandruwandha Kuyani Crombie et al. give katyi as the usual term for spear, however they also list Pirrimpiarana as name of a site in Wangkangurru country near the Kallakoopah-Diamantina junction where Ancestral being Markinyangkurla put down his spear crocodile Wangkangurru kathimarkaRa Arabana kathimarkaRa Thirari kardimarkaRa Ngamini kardimarkaRa Diyari kardimarkaRa Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani See also Set 324 cuckoo Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani cool wind Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani Reuther's gloss is a noun but these appear to be verb forms in all languages. loin "thigh" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kapa Ngamini kapa Diyari kapa Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani kapa Breen (2015: 149) gives kapa as "lower part of a kangaroo's bosy". liver Wangkangurru kadlhu Arabana kadlhu Thirari kalhu Ngamini kalhu Diyari kalhu Yawarrawarka kadlhu Yandruwandha Kuyani Breen (2015: 149) gives Yandruwandha as "kalu" but he may have missed the interdentail laterial. empty Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini karla Diyari karla Yawarrawarka karla Yandruwandha karla Kuyani reward, wages, payment Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani girl that has given birth Wangkangurru Arabana energetic man, poetic man Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kaldru Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani moderate with food Wangkangurru kalhu ngurru Arabana kalhu ngurru Thirari kalhu ngurru Ngamini kalhu ngurru Diyari kalhu ngurru Yawarrawarka kalhu ngurru Yandruwandha Kuyani man, people Wangkangurru yuwu Arabana nharla Thirari karna Ngamini karna Diyari karna Yawarrawarka karna Yandruwandha karna Kuyani thura to take in passing Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka manma-thawa-Ri Yandruwandha Kuyani moth Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani cap "knitted cap" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani Breen (2015: 148) gives kukawarnu as knitted string cap. to succeed Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kari-ipa-tharri-rna Ngamini kari-parpa-tyanda kari-parpa-tyarri- Diyari kari-ipa-tharri-rna Yawarrawarka karipa-yindri-Ri Yandruwandha karipa-yindri-Ri Kuyani to run after Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kari-rnda Ngamini karika-rna Diyari kari-rna Yawarrawarka kari-Ri Yandruwandha kari-Ri Kuyani near Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kaRakaRa Ngamini kaRakaRa Diyari kaRakaRa Yawarrawarka kaka Yandruwandha kaka Kuyani big net Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka pirli nhindri Yandruwandha pirli nhindri Kuyani

big net Wangkangurru kalukalu Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani recently Wangkangurru kalkawalta Arabana Thirari Ngamini waldrawapakarna Diyari kalka-nhi Yawarrawarka kalka-nyi Yandruwandha kalka-yi Kuyani These forms have a broad recent past meaning and can be translated the other day, some time ago, last year, yesterday. sober "temperate" Wangkangurru kadlhu ngurru Arabana kadlhu ngurru Thirari kadlhu ngurru Ngamini kadlhu ngurru Diyari kadlhu ngurru Yawarrawarka kadlhu ngurru Yandruwandha Kuyani east-wind, south-east-wind Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani pitch, gum Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kandi Ngamini kandri Diyari kandri Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani Breen (2015: 145) gives tyirarri and ngulyi for 'gum'. The form pintha means foreskin. white parrot Wangkangurru Arabana

Thirari katarunka kardarungka Ngamini Diyari kardarungka Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

attention! "you watch!" Wangkangurru kapau Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kapawu Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha kapow Kuyani judge Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani gridiron "rust, impure" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani raw, unleavened Wangkangurru kilya Arabana Thirari kimpa Ngamini kimpa Diyari karti Yawarrawarka kimba Yandruwandha kimba Kuyani edible plant Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to call Wangkangurru karka-rnda Arabana karka-rnda Thirari karka-rnda Ngamini kirdari-rna Diyari karka-rna Yawarrawarka karka-indri Yandruwandha karka-Ri Kuyani to call Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari karka-rnda Ngamini kirda-rna Diyari Yawarrawarka kandri-Ri Yandruwandha kandri-Ri Kuyani seam of dress, hem of dress Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kathi yalpi Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani "drinking" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani evening glow, sunset glow, red sunrise Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kalka Yawarrawarka kalka Yandruwandha Kuyani See also Cognate Set 1747. to assemble, to flock together, to meet Wangkangurru mapa-rnda Arabana mapa-rnda Thirari mapa-rnda Ngamini mapa-rna Diyari Yandruwandha mapa-Ri Kuyani to collect for others Wangkangurru mapa-la-rnda Arabana mapa-la-rnda Thirari mapa-iyirpa-rnda Ngamini mapa-parpa-rna Diyari kampa-ipa-rna Yawarrawarka mapa-na-Ri Yandruwandha mapa-na-Ri Kuyani to meet to go away "to collect for going away" Wangkangurru mapa-rnda yuwa-rnda Arabana Thirari mapa-rnda wapa-rnda Ngamini mapa-rna paRka-rna Diyari kampa-inga-rna Yawarrawarka mapa-thawa-Ri Yandruwandha mapa-thawa-Ri Kuyani to collect what is dipersed "to collect what there is scattered" Wangkangurru mapa-mapa-rnda Arabana mapa-mapa-rnda Thirari mapa-mapa-rnda Ngamini mapa-mapa-ri-rna Diyari kampa-kampa-ra-rna Yawarrawarka mapa-mapa-Ri Yandruwandha mapa-mapa-Ri Kuyani scorpion Wangkangurru kadninhinti Arabana kadninhinti Thirari kadnininti Ngamini Diyari kadnininti Yawarrawarka kinirdaka Yandruwandha to play, to joke Wangkangurru kangi-wityi-rnda Arabana kangi-tyi-rnda Thirari nginyaRu ngana-rnda Ngamini nginyaRu-nda nginyaRu-ni- Diyari kangi-ri-rna Yawarrawarka kangi-na-Ri Yandruwandha kangi-na-Ri Kuyani to make strong, to strengthen "to make strong, to strengthen (ngankana = same)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani step Wangkangurru wanka-li Arabana wanka-li Thirari kathi-rnda Ngamini kathi-rna Diyari kathi-ni Yawarrawarka watya-ini Yandruwandha walki-thalka-Ri Kuyani The entries for Wangkungurru, Arabana, Diyari and Yawarrawarka are nominalisations while the others are verb forms. Hercus (1989: 192) states about the habitual verb suffix -li that "habitual frequently figures as a nominaliser in fixed locutions and names of animals". sound, ring Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kanpu Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani In Diyari this refers to a short sharp booming sound, e.g. a hand clap. to make an echo Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari karta-nga-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani Breen (2015: 64) gives Yandruwandha ngaRu as 'voice'. jester, joker "clown" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kangi Ngamini kangi Diyari kangi Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to scold, to insult, to abuse "to grumble" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka kadla-indri Yandruwandha kadla-Ri Kuyani to snore Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini kandru-nga-rna Diyari kandru-nga-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha kandru-ka-ri Kuyani See Cognate Set No. 304 butterfly Wangkangurru karlipirlipirli Arabana karlipirlipirli Thirari karlipilhipilhi Ngamini karlipilhipilhi Diyari karlipilhipilhi Yawarrawarka kalipilhipilhi Yandruwandha kalipilhipilhi Kuyani karlipilhipilhi to languish Wangkangurru kalhu mirra-rnda Arabana kadlhu paka-rnda Thirari kadlhu pirni-rnda Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani painful Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to snore Wangkangurru Arabana See Cognate Set 300. to ladle "to draw water" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani debtor Wangkangurru yuwu thantha wirlpa-purru Arabana madla thantha wirlpa-purru Thirari karna thantha wirlpa-purru Ngamini karna thantha wiRpa-tyutu Diyari karna putu wirlpa-nthu Yawarrawarka karna putu wirlpa-minji Yandruwandha karna putu wirlpa-minji Kuyani thuRa thantha yapa-purru Forms in all languages mean 'person thing hole-with' sweat Wangkangurru witani Arabana witani Thirari witani Ngamini kangu Diyari kangu Yawarrawarka kanyi Yandruwandha kanyi Kuyani kangu brother-in-law Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kardi Ngamini kardi-maRa Diyari kardi Yawarrawarka kardri Yandruwandha kardri Kuyani maternal daughter-in-law Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kaliri Ngamini kadliri Diyari kaliri Yawarrawarka kaliri Yandruwandha kaliri Kuyani elder sister Wangkangurru kaku Arabana kaku Thirari kaku Ngamini kaku Diyari kaku Yawarrawarka kaku Yandruwandha kaku Kuyani yaka Compare Kuyani with Barngarla yaga sister. one who pretends to be deaf Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini kangi Diyari kangi Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to blame Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to tick "to squeak" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari karta-karta-nga-rna Yawarrawarka karta-karta-ka-indri Yandruwandha karta-karta-ka-Ri Kuyani to boom Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kanpu-nga-rna Yawarrawarka kanpu-ka-indri Yandruwandha papu-ka-Ri Kuyani to return, to turn back Wangkangurru Arabana kartyi-rnda Thirari kartyi-rnda Ngamini kartyi-rna Diyari kartyi-rna Yawarrawarka kartyi-indri Yandruwandha kartyi-Ri Kuyani unintelligible, hoarse from speaking "to talk indistinctly and hoarsely" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to be swallowed by the earth Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kutiwirina. to scare away "to hunt away from the ground" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to announce, to relate "to publish, to report" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari wara-warapa-rnda Ngamini pirnta-pirntaka-rna Diyari kawu-kawupa-rna Yawarrawarka wirni-wirnina-indri Yandruwandha wirni-wirni-Ri Kuyani to consume selfishly "to be selfish with food" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kama-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani people Wangkangurru Arabana nharla nhuka Thirari Ngamini karna witha Diyari karna walarra Yawarrawarka karna malkirri Yandruwandha karna malkirri Kuyani type of bird "kind of bird, green shell parrot" Wangkangurru Arabana katathara Thirari kathathara Ngamini kathathara Diyari Yandruwandha thilinkurru Kuyani Modern sources identify this as the budgerigar, shell parakeet. Melopsittacus undulatus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar --> Wikipedia water bird Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani water snake Wangkangurru Arabana See also Set 254 wart Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kapirri tyilpi Ngamini kapirri tyilpi Diyari kapirri tyilpi Yawarrawarka kapirri tyilpi Yandruwandha man.gali tyilpi Kuyani In all languages this is composed of "goanna" plus "swelling". See Cognate Set 196. to wash, to clean Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to wait Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to wait helplessly for someone Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari karka-tharri-rnta Ngamini kirda-tyanta Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to warn Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to clear away Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani for sure Wangkangurru arla Arabana arla Thirari kantyi Ngamini kalara Diyari kantyi Yawarrawarka kanpa Yandruwandha kanpa Kuyani root Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kaparra Ngamini kaparra Diyari kaparra Yawarrawarka kaparra Yandruwandha kaparri Kuyani throwing stick "throwing tool" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kandrimuku Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani fence, windbreak Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini katu Diyari katu Yawarrawarka kankunu Yandruwandha kankunu Kuyani Dictionary Comparative Wordlists Supplement Set 154. to bear witness Wangkangurru arla yanhi-rnda Arabana arla yanhi-rnda Thirari kantyi yatha-rnda Ngamini kalara yatha-rna Diyari kantyi yatha-rna Yawarrawarka kanpu ngampa-indri Yandruwandha kanpa ngampa-Ri Kuyani Arabana-Wangkanguru forms mean "to speak truly", Thirari, Ngamini and Diyari forms mean "to say it is possible", Yandruwandha-Yawarraka forms mean "to speak openly". to agree Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini pirntapirntaka-rna Diyari kawukawu-nga-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to summon "to call together" Wangkangurru karka-rnda mapa-rnda Arabana karka-rnda yuka-rnda Thirari karka-rnda mapa-rnda Ngamini kirda-rnda mapa-rna Diyari karka-rna Yawarrawarka karka-thawa-indri Yandruwandha karka-thawa-Ri Kuyani to suffer, to endure, to bear Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari katyakatya-rna Yawarrawarka katyakatya-indri Yandruwandha katyakatya-Ri Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) ketjaketjana. Breen (2015: 29) Yandruwandha-Yawarrawarka "katjakatja 'sting, pain, hurt'". slippery, smooth Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kikilya Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kikilja. to slip Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kikilyari-rnda Ngamini kikilya-nda kikilya-ni- Diyari kikilya-ri-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kikiljerina (mistyped as "kililjerina"). to push against, to knock against, to push into Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kipa-rnda Ngamini kiRpa-rna Diyari kipa-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to take offence Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kintyakintya ngana-rnda Ngamini kintyakintya-nda kintyakintya-ni- Diyari kintyakintya-ri-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani type of fish Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

dog Wangkangurru madla madla Arabana madla Thirari kinthala Ngamini thirtha Diyari kinthala Yawarrawarka pandi Yandruwandha thirtha Kuyani wilka SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kintala For Kuyani compare Adnyamathanha wilka 'dog' (Schebeck 1974: 222), and Nukunu 'wilka', Kaurna 'wirka'. wild dog Wangkangurru madla yapa Arabana madla yapa Thirari kinthala yampa Ngamini thirtha yapa Diyari kinthala yampa Yawarrawarka pandi yapa Yandruwandha thirtha yampa Kuyani wilka yampa SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kintala jampa. vagina "sexual parts of a woman, vulva" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kirla Yawarrawarka ngunu Yandruwandha ngunu Kuyani penis "sex of a man" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini kidni Diyari kidni Yawarrawarka kurni Yandruwandha kurni Kuyani Reuther's forms for Yandruwandha and Yawarrawarka with a prestopped nasal suggest that Breen's kurni may be an error for kuni (varying with kudni). swelling Wangkangurru Arabana Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kima Yawarrawarka kima Yandruwandha kima Kuyani to shine, to glitter, to glisten, to sparkle Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani year Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini kiRpa ya waldra Diyari kilpawaldra Yawarrawarka cold Wangkangurru madlhi-ngaRu Arabana madlhi Thirari madlhi Ngamini kiRpa Diyari kilpa Yawarrawarka malthi Yandruwandha pundra Kuyani Wangkangurru madlhi-ngaRu is 'cold season, winter', madlhi is 'cold (weather)' (Crombie et al. 2019: 110). Breen (2015: 139) gives 'cold' as malthi, pundra and kilpa ("may not be Yandruwandha"). clever, wise, prudent Wangkangurru

Arabana kiri Thirari

Ngamini Diyari kiri kirri Yawarrawarka kirri Yandruwandha kirri Kuyani

to envy, to begrudge Wangkangurru Arabana kirinaninta Thirari

Ngamini Diyari kirinajina kirri nhayi-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

to laugh Wangkangurru wijanta Arabana Thirari kingka-rda Ngamini kingka-rna Diyari kingka-rna Yawarrawarka tyingka-indri Yandruwandha yingka-Ri Kuyani to learn Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kirri ngana-rnda Ngamini kirri-nda Diyari kirri-Ri-rna Yawarrawarka kirri-na-ndri Yandruwandha kirri-na-Ri Kuyani ear, earlobe Wangkangurru yarri Arabana yarri Thirari yarri Ngamini thaRpa Diyari tharlpa Yawarrawarka thalpa Yandruwandha thalpa Kuyani yuRi Kuyani cognates yuRi in Adnyamathanha, Nukunu, Nauo, Kaurna, Wirangu Cognate Set No. 67 to sigh, to moan, to groan Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kirdakirda-rnda Ngamini kirdakirda-rna Diyari kirdakirda-rna Yawarrawarka kirdakirda-indri Yandruwandha kirdakirda-Ri Kuyani Breen (2015: 31) kirdrakirdrana 'to make squeal'" boomerang Wangkangurru kira Arabana kira Thirari kira Ngamini kira Diyari kira Yawarrawarka tyara Yandruwandha yara Kuyani wana See Comparative Supplement Set 21. Adnyamathanha wadna boomerang Mobile Language Team. boggy, marshy Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani mouldy, musty Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to overflow "to run over" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani urine Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini pura Diyari kipaRa Yawarrawarka pura Yandruwandha pura Kuyani ignorant "unknown (koko = same)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kuwu Ngamini Diyari kuwu Yawarrawarka Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Yandruwandha Kuyani moon Wangkangurru ngarkani Arabana Thirari ngarkani Ngamini piRa Diyari piRa Yawarrawarka piRa Yandruwandha piRa Kuyani piRa SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kuda. For Kuyani compare Bangarla bira, Adnyamathanha viRa (Schebeck 1974: 205), Nukunu, Barngarla, Ngadjuri piRa (McEntee and Butcher p62). to hang round Wangkangurru Arabana to overturn, to overthrow Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kuku tharka-ipa-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kukuterkibana. peeled, naked Wangkangurru parlu Arabana parlu Thirari parlu Ngamini parlu Diyari parlu Yawarrawarka parlu Yandruwandha yaRawarra Kuyani

Cognate Set No. 150, No. 1057, No. 1020, No. 1049 alone Wangkangurru ngujili Arabana Thirari Ngamini ngunhara-li Diyari kurnu-rlu Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to be angry, to not respect "to be annoyed, to ignore" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini kuthari-rna Diyari kutha-ri-rna Yawarrawarka kutha-na-Ri Yandruwandha Kuyani Dictionary Comparative Wordlists Supplement Set 4. to keep, to preserve "to keep anything, to watch" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kurra-iyirpa-rna Ngamini kurra-parpa-rna Diyari kurra-iyirpa-rna Yawarrawarka kurra-na-Ri Yandruwandha kurra-na-Ri Kuyani to disperse "to scatter about" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini ngunhara-li-ngunhara-li Diyari kurna-rlu-kurnu-rlu Yawarrawarka kurnu-ili-kurnu-ili Yandruwandha Kuyani to weed, to clear of weeds, to pluck out, to pick out, to sort "to weed out, to pull out, to pick" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini wakari-pa-rna Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to free, to liberate, to redeem Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kurlka-rna Yawarrawarka Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani liberator Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kurlka-ni pirna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to keep, to withhold, to retain Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

Diyari (from Vogelsang) kalikalibana. type of berries Wangkangurru kudnampira Arabana Thirari kudnampira Ngamini kudnampiRa Diyari kudnampiRa Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

to accompany a piece Wangkangurru kudnintatatanta Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to bend Wangkangurru kurdirri-ma-rnda Arabana kurdirri-ma-rnda Thirari kurdirri-nganka-rna Ngamini kurdirri-naka-rna Diyari kurdirri-nganka-rna Yawarrawarka kurdirri-ma-Ri Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kudiri ngankana. blood "running blood" Wangkangurru kumarri Arabana kumarri Thirari kumarri Ngamini kumarri Diyari kumarri Yawarrawarka yungguru Yandruwandha yungguru Kuyani kupi Comparative Supplement Set 20 Kuyani form given by Reuther is phonotactically strange for that language. McEntee and Butcher 2021 give kupi and compare it to Adnyamathanha upi. juice "juice (kuwa = high stem)" Wangkangurru kubmarri Arabana kubmarri Thirari kumarri Ngamini kumarri Diyari kumari Yawarrawarka yungguru Yandruwandha The forms given here seem to be the same as for blood, in Cognate Set 379. clotted blood "curdled blood" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari panda Ngamini pandra Diyari pandra Yawarrawarka affected with a flux of blood "haemorrhage" Wangkangurru Arabana to bleed Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kumarri ngana-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani back, spine Wangkangurru mudlu Arabana Thirari kuldu Ngamini kuldru Diyari kuldru Yawarrawarka kuldru Yandruwandha kuldru Kuyani kultu Comparative Supplement Set 8 Breen (2015: 34) gives Yandruwandha kuldru with gloss "brisket; upper part of body (for example, of kangaroo)". hunch-backed "hump-backed" Wangkangurru mudlu warlpu durrudurru Arabana mudlu warlpu durrurdurru Thirari kuldu durrurdurru Ngamini kuldru durrurdurru Diyari kuldru durrurdurru Yawarrawarka kuldru durrurdurru Yandruwandha kuldru durrurdurru Kuyani The Arabana and Wangkangurru forms may be mudlu spine warlpu bone durrudurru bent over. to write poetry, to invent "to compose" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani secretly Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kuRu-yali Ngamini kuRu-nu Diyari kuRu-yali Yawarrawarka kinyi-li Yandruwandha kinyi-li Kuyani The forms in Thirari, Ngamini, Diyari, Yandruwandha and Yawarrawarka all include the ergative case suffix, and would be used in transitive sentences. See also Set 388. to steal Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kuRu-yali mani-rnda Ngamini kuru-nu manda Diyari Yandruwandha kinyi-li mandri-Ri Kuyani See also Set 387. These forms mean 'to get secretly'. thief Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini kuRu-ntyutu Diyari kuri-kantyi Yawarrawarka kinyi-kanpa Yandruwandha kinyi-pika Kuyani to have diarrhoea Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kudna tyurra-rnda Ngamini kudna tyurru-rna Diyari kudna tyurra-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani one Wangkangurru nguyu Arabana nguyu Thirari Ngamini ngunhara Diyari kurnu Yawarrawarka kurnu Yandruwandha kurnu Kuyani kuma See also Comparative Supplement set 97. For Kuyani compare ubmanhaka one (Schebeck 1974: 194) to unite, to be in harmony "to work in harmony" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari marndumarnduRi-ipa-rda Ngamini Diyari kurnu-kurnu-nhi nganka-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani core of an abscess Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to be united, to be in harmony Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kurnu-kurnu-nhi ngana-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani only son "only born" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani kind of end Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

to escape, to run away Wangkangurru widnankajita Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kuri kari-rna Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to disappear Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kurtyi-rnda wapa-rnda Ngamini kurtyi-rna paRka-rna Diyari kuthi-inga-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kutingana to free, to liberate Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to admonish "to remind" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani green Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kulyakulya Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani feather Wangkangurru Arabana palyka Thirari kutya Ngamini kutya Diyari kutya Yawarrawarka kutya Yandruwandha kutya Kuyani Crombie et al (2016: 165) gloss "flight-feathers", Breen Yandruwandha gloss "wing feather". (German 'Fudaufaule'?) Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to free, to untie, to unbind Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani bundle, sheaf Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kuma Ngamini kuma Diyari kuma Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani evil spirit, devil Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kutyi Ngamini kutyu Diyari kutyi Yawarrawarka yarkamarta Yandruwandha kurnki Kuyani bowels, intestines, entrails Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani smell Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kurli Ngamini kurli Diyari kurli Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani pit, hole Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kurdu Ngamini kurdu Diyari kurdu Yawarrawarka kurdru Yandruwandha kurdru Kuyani In all languages this is a hole that extends vertically into the ground. SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) "kudu". Cognate Set No. 686, No. 1516 secret, furtive Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to keep secret, to hush up Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to sit hidden Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to walk stealthily, to sneak, to slink "to go secretly, to crawl up stealithly" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to be hoarse "to get hotter" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani pure, holy Wangkangurru Arabana Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to spring, to jump Wangkangurru ngarlapunta-rda Arabana ngarlapunta-rda Thirari Ngamini Diyari kurlkunga-rna Yawarrawarka kulkupa-Ri Yandruwandha kulkuma-Ri Kuyani to pour into Wangkangurru kalpa-rnda Arabana kalpa-rnda Thirari wirri-ipa-rnda Ngamini Diyari kurraRa-rna Yawarrawarka windri-ma-Ri Yandruwandha Kuyani back of head Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka purnda Yandruwandha purnda Kuyani Breen (2015: 93) gives "purndawalkini 'pillow'". to rest on one's elbow Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kukaditerkana. to limp Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kungka-rda Ngamini kungku-rna Diyari kungka-rna Yawarrawarka kungka-indri Yandruwandha kungka-Ri Kuyani to sail in middle of lake "to row in the middle of lake" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

young (of animal) Wangkangurru ngujurulingujuruli Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari every, each Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini ngunhara-nu-li-ngunhara-nu-li Diyari kurnu-yali-ldra-kurna-yali-ldra Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani beetle, bug Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

shoot, sprout, germ Wangkangurru kuri Arabana Thirari Ngamini

Diyari kuri Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

mussel, shell Wangkangurru kurri Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kuri Yawarrawarka kuri Yandruwandha kuri Kuyani

According to Breen, the Yandruwandha and Yawarrawarka forms mean "mussel (shell)". rainbow Wangkangurru wompitji kuRikirra Arabana wampityi Thirari Ngamini Diyari kuRikirra Yawarrawarka kurrikiRa Yandruwandha kurrikiRa Kuyani

Arabana from Hercus grammar, Wangkangurru from Crombie et al (2016). to germinate "becoming a bird" Wangkangurru kuriwoninta Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

child Wangkangurru alua arluwa Arabana Thirari wardu Ngamini kupa Diyari kupa Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha muruwa Kuyani circumcised man who wears sign of distinctionon "circumcision with decoration" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani dirt, excrement Wangkangurru kudna Arabana kudna Thirari kudna Ngamini kudna Diyari kudna Yawarrawarka kudna Yandruwandha kudna Kuyani kudna cripple Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani cross Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari warku-nhi Ngamini warku-mu Diyari kunawarku Yawarrawarka kunawarku Yandruwandha kunawarku Kuyani

crab, shrimp Wangkangurru kunkitiri kungkidirri Arabana

Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani crayfish Wangkangurru kunkitiri kungkidirri Arabana kungkidirri Thirari kunkithirri Ngamini kungkithirri Diyari kungkithirri Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha marnngani Kuyani

crab "grumbler" Wangkangurru kuranti Arabana Thirari

Ngamini Diyari kurundi Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

crooked, curved Wangkangurru kutikutiri Arabana crooked, curved Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kurdikurdirri Ngamini kurdikurdirri Diyari kurndikurndi Yawarrawarka kurndikurndi Yandruwandha kurndikurndi Yawarrawarka kurdikurdirri Yandruwandha kurdikurdirri Kuyani foliage, leaves, green part of flowers Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to lay, to put, to place "lying" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kurra-rna Ngamini kurru-rna Diyari kurra-rna Yawarrawarka kurra-indri Yandruwandha kurra-Ri Kuyani stomach Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kudnapirli Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani mosquito Wangkangurru yiwinya Arabana yiwinya Thirari yiwinya Ngamini kunthi Diyari kunthi Yawarrawarka kunthi Yandruwandha kunthi Kuyani nest Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari

Yawarrawarka warla Yandruwandha Kuyani

fog, haze, mist Wangkangurru kankata Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to pick, to pluck, to gather Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari type of caterpillar "kind of grub" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini kudninyingka Diyari kunyiningka Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) kunjininka. to clean, to consecrate Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani hoarse from talking "to talk excited" Wangkangurru Arabana to anoint "to embalm" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari > Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

to sink "to sink, to submerge" Wangkangurru kudnawapajinta Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

stone knife Wangkangurru jutjuwonta Arabana Thirari thurla Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka thurla Yandruwandha thatyi Kuyani bush, shrub "needle bush (Hakea leucoptera)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kurluwa Ngamini kurluwa Diyari kurluwa Yawarrawarka Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha kuluwa Kuyani constellation Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

gnat, mosquito "stinging fly" Wangkangurru murila Arabana Thirari Ngamini

Diyari kulkampara Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

to stamp "to paw the earth" Wangkangurru ngujuwaranta Arabana Thirari Ngamini ngunhara ngalki-rna Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to stroke, to caress Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kunpa-rda Ngamini kunpu-rna Diyari kunpa-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha kunpaRi Kuyani south Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kunankari Ngamini kunankari Diyari kunankari Yawarrawarka mulhapundra Yandruwandha to search "to look for (wontina = same)" Wangkangurru wapa-rnda Arabana wapa-rnda Thirari Ngamini wirdaka-rna Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha wanthi-Ri Kuyani cold in head, cough "catarrh, cough" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini kundrukundru Diyari kundrukundru Yawarrawarka kundrukundru Yandruwandha kundrukundru Kuyani kundrukundru silent, taciturn "reserved" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani deaf Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari tharlpa purru Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani deaf Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to dance unchastely, to dance indecently Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kuma-rnda Ngamini kumu-rna Diyari kuma-rna Yawarrawarka kuma-indri Yandruwandha kuma-Ri Kuyani type of pigeon Wangkangurru kuRulyuru Arabana kuRulyuru Thirari kuRukuku Ngamini kuRukuku Diyari kuRukuku Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha kuwukuku Kuyani Contemporary sources identify this as diamond dove, Geopelia cuneata, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_dove. to hide, to conceal Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kuthi-ipa-rna Yawarrawarka winkama-Ri Yandruwandha winkama-Ri Kuyani Breen gloss in Yandruwandha "to run away with". to forget Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kuritharra-pa-rnda Ngamini kurutharra-pa-rna Diyari kuritharra-rna Yawarrawarka kuritharra-indri Yandruwandha kuritharra-Ri Kuyani to deny, to renounce, to disown Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kuthi-kuthi-ipa-rna Yawarrawarka winka-winka-ma-Ri Yandruwandha Kuyani to keep secret, to hush up "to conceal, to keep it a secret" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to hide, to conceal Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to become reconciled with someone "to reconcile" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari kurnu-kurnu-nganka-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani calf (of leg) Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari thiltya Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani thiltya wasp Wangkangurru Arabana

Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani spine Wangkangurru murlawalpu Arabana Thirari Ngamini piti waRpu Diyari kuldru muku Yawarrawarka pidri muku Yandruwandha pidri muku Kuyani witch-doctor Wangkangurru minpaRu Arabana Arabana minpaRu Thirari kunki Ngamini kunki Diyari kunki Yawarrawarka kurnki Yandruwandha kurnki Kuyani kunki to withdraw something, to move to give something "to withdraw something, not to give anymore" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani slope of mountain "declivity of a hill" (belongs to 155 karlikarli)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari kadnha kaldikaldi Ngamini marda kaldrikaldri Diyari marda kalikali Yawarrawarka mardra kalikali Yandruwandha mardra kalikali Kuyani to esteem, to respect "to feel awkward, to feel ashamed, to feel shy" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to bite at, to nibble at Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari business, manner "business, kind and way" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to incite, to instigate "to rouse" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to store up, to hoard up Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to hand Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to stretch one's hand out Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to give one's hand Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to spread a rumour Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari abdomen, belly Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari manda Ngamini thundru Diyari mandra Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha thundru Kuyani soon here - soon there "almost, here and there" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari marnka-ma-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to bite Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari matha-rnda Ngamini matha-rna Diyari matha-rna Yawarrawarka matha-indri Yandruwandha matha-Ri Kuyani mountain Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to entertain, to act as a host "to show hospitality" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini yampa-yampa-naka-rna Diyari manyu-manyu-nganka-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to sprinkle "to christen, sprinkle" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari multhi-ipa-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) multibana ambassador, messenger Wangkangurru manta Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani broad Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari thistles "thistle (roly-poly bush)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

to be zealous for something, to be frank, to be free, to be candid "to be envious about anything" Wangkangurru manabakangadla Arabana Thirari Ngamini marna paka pirna Diyari marna paka pirna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani jealous Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari manda kumarri Ngamini thundru kumarri Diyari mandra kaRuwa Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani duck Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to come to an agreement "to unite" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari marna marndu-marnduRi-rda Ngamini Diyari marna marndu-marnduRi-rna Yawarrawarka murnamandriyindri-Ri Yandruwandha murnamandriyindri-Ri Kuyani venerable, reverend Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari industrious, busy Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to resolve to, to come to a resolution Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to alter one's resolution Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to permit, to allow Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari inheritance, bequest Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari heir Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to have a prospective inheritance Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari inheritance after death Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to remember Wangkangurru kardapu wirlpa-wityi-rnda Arabana kardayapu wirlpa-tyi-rnda Thirari Ngamini ngurdu thandra wiRpa-nda ngurdu thandra wiRpa-ni- Diyari manga thandra wirlpa-ri-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to renew Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari fist Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari fire stone, flint (stone) Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari fat Wangkangurru marni Arabana marni Thirari marni Ngamini marni Diyari marni Yawarrawarka marni Yandruwandha marni Kuyani marni figs Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani rock, cliff Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari ridge of a mountain Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari high cliff Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari ready, finished, it is enough Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari matya Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani cleft in a rock, chasm Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to find Wangkangurru kari-rnda Arabana kari-rnda Thirari Ngamini Diyari marnka-marnka-rna Yawarrawarka manka-manka-indri Yandruwandha manka-manka-Ri Kuyani type of fish Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

type of fish Wangkangurru markara Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari

Yawarrawarka nganpuru Yandruwandha Kuyani

type of fish Wangkangurru mandatarani Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

fingernail Wangkangurru maraniri Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari maRa pirri Yawarrawarka maRa pirri Yandruwandha maRa pirri Kuyani industrious Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari abroad, in a foreign country, camping out Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari breakfast Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini marna muka Diyari marna muka Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to rejoice, to be glad (of) "to be happy" Wangkangurru panki-rda Arabana panki-rda Thirari panki-rda Ngamini panki-rna Diyari panki-rna Yawarrawarka mangki-ndri Yandruwandha mangki-Ri Kuyani to eat, to devour (of animals) Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari frank, free, candid Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari manu paku Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani to yawn Wangkangurru marna tharka-rnda Arabana marna tharka-rnda Thirari marna tharka-rnda Ngamini marna tharka-rna Diyari marna tharka-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani totem Wangkangurru mardu Arabana mardu Thirari mardu Ngamini mardu Diyari mardu Yawarrawarka kamiRi Yandruwandha kamiRi Kuyani mardu thoughts (those which are brought forth by tjuru 'intelligence') Wangkangurru manu Arabana manu Thirari manu Ngamini manu Diyari manu Yawarrawarka manu Yandruwandha manu Kuyani manu to have patience Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari manyu ngana-rna Yawarrawarka manu patji-na-Ri Yandruwandha manu patyi-na-Ri Kuyani business Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari speckled, many-coloured "spotted, coloured" Wangkangurru malka-malka Arabana malka-malka Thirari malka-malka Ngamini malka-malka Diyari malka-malka Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani Crombine et al gloss "striped". Note also Diyari thara malka-malka "policeman" from thara 'thigh' and malka-malka 'striped', due to the stripe on the trousers of 19th century police unifrms. cosy Wangkangurru manyu Wangkangurru ngurku Arabana ngurku Thirari Ngamini yampa Diyari ngumu Yawarrawarka patyi Yandruwandha patyi Kuyani gold Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari silver Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari

Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka madratandrawaru Yandruwandha Kuyani

belt Wangkangurru mandamanda Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani give, come! "come, give (kaparau = same meaning)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari mayi yara Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani SA Museum typescript Diyari (from Vogelsang) maijerra. hand Wangkangurru maRa Arabana maRa Thirari maRa Ngamini maRa Diyari Yandruwandha maRa Kuyani maRa Barngarla, Kaurna mara hand thumb Wangkangurru maRa ngandi Arabana maRa ngandi Thirari maRa ngandi Ngamini maRa ngandri Diyari Yandruwandha maRa ngandri Kuyani maRa ngandi All these forms consist of hand plus mother, but note that Arabana-Wangkangurru preserves a form in this compound that has been replaced by ama Cognate Set 899, Cognate Set 542, Cognate Set 1275 small finger Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari middle finger Wangkangurru maRa wutyu Arabana maRa wutyu Thirari maRa wutyu Ngamini maRa wutyu Diyari Yandruwandha maRa wutyu Kuyani maRa wutyu The forms here consist of hand plus long and thin palm of hand Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari maRa manda Ngamini maRa thundru Diyari Yandruwandha maRa thundru Kuyani The forms here consist of hand plus stomach back of hand Wangkangurru maRa kuku Arabana maRa kuku Thirari maRa thuku Ngamini maRa murda Diyari Yandruwandha maRa thuku Kuyani All entries here consist of hand plus back between fingers Wangkangurru maRa piRi Arabana maRa piRi Thirari maRa piRi Ngamini maRa piRi Diyari Yandruwandha maRa piRi Kuyani maRa piRi The forms here consist of hand plus open space wrist Wangkangurru maRa palka Arabana maRa palka Thirari maRa palka Ngamini maRa palka Diyari Yandruwandha maRa palka Kuyani maRa palka to fold hands Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari hail Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini marda purru Diyari Yandruwandha mardra purru Kuyani

to help Wangkangurru marangokanta maRanguka-rnda Arabana maRanguka-rnda Thirari maRanguka-rnda Ngamini maRanguku-rnda Diyari Yandruwandha maRanguka-Ri Kuyani maRanguka-nda to guard, to tend, to pasture Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari peak of a hill Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari hungry Wangkangurru wadlha-ra Arabana wadlha-ra Thirari mawa-li Ngamini muwa-nu Diyari mawa-li Yawarrawarka mawa-li Yandruwandha mawa-li Kuyani This is the ergative case form of the adjective. stone pit, stone cave Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari

Ngamini Diyari marda kalikali Yawarrawarka madrakalikali mardra kalikali Yandruwandha mardra kalikali Kuyani

to take, to fetch Wangkangurru maninta mani-rnda Arabana mani-rnda Thirari mani-rnda Ngamini manda mani- Diyari mani-rna Yawarrawarka mandri-ndri Yandruwandha mandri-Ri Kuyani to carry past Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari mani-rnda wapa-rnda Ngamini manda paRka-rna mani- paRka- Diyari mani-inga-rna Yawarrawarka mandri-thawa-indri Yandruwandha mandri-thawa-Ri Kuyani to fetch water Wangkangurru mani-la-rnda Arabana mani-la-rnda Thirari mani-iyirpa-rnda Ngamini mani-parpa-rna Diyari mani-iyirpa-rna Yawarrawarka mandri-na-Ri Yandruwandha mandri-na-yita Kuyani These forms mean to get for someone else; they do not specifically mention water tableland, plateau Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari inward, internal, inner Wangkangurru

Arabana wodlanga Thirari

Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka dundrungi thundru-nyi Yandruwandha thundru-yi Kuyani

The Yandruwandha-Yawarrawarka forms mean in the stomach youth, young man Wangkangurru kana karna Arabana yuRu Thirari mathari Ngamini mathirda Diyari mathari Yawarrawarka karru Yandruwandha karru Kuyani miRu Reuther gives a variety of terms here. For Wangkangurru and Kuyani the forms mean human being, for Yandruwantha-Yawarrawarka they mean initiated man and for Tirari, Diyari and Ngamini they mean young unmarried man girl Wangkangurru mankarra Arabana mankarra Thirari mankarra Ngamini mankarra Diyari mankarra Yawarrawarka man.garra Yandruwandha man.garri Kuyani cherries "kind of cherry" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari

Ngamini Diyari manaura Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

jaw-bone Wangkangurru manakirra Arabana Thirari Ngamini marna kira Diyari marna kira Yawarrawarka marna tyara Yandruwandha marna yara Kuyani head Wangkangurru kardapu Arabana kardayapu Thirari Ngamini ngurdu thandra Diyari manga thandra Yawarrawarka kuka Yandruwandha kuka Kuyani cramp Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari type of cabbage "kind of vegetable" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari

Ngamini Diyari malto Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani

type of cabbage "type of vegetable" Wangkangurru pitikati Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari manyura Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani cool Wangkangurru madlhi Arabana madlhi Thirari malthi Ngamini kiRpa Diyari malthi Yawarrawarka malthi Yandruwandha malthi Kuyani Gloss for Arabana, Wangkangurru, Ngamini, Yandruwandha and Yawarrawarka is "cold" not "cool". gentle, mild, soft (of disposition) No entries given slow Wangkangurru kawaRa-Ru Arabana kawaRa-ru Thirari Ngamini kawaRa-nu Diyari marnka-li Yawarrawarka marnka-li Yandruwandha marnka-li Kuyani

These forms show the ergative (transitive subject) case. patience, forbearance Wangkangurru manukantjukantju Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani soft "low (reading)" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani lip Wangkangurru marna pinma Arabana marna pinma Thirari marna pinma Ngamini marna mimi Diyari marna mimi Yawarrawarka marna mimi Yandruwandha mimi Kuyani thaya mimi bad Wangkangurru madla Arabana madla Thirari madlhantyi Ngamini manha Diyari Yandruwandha Yandruwandha madlantyi Kuyani to take along, to take with one, to let go with Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari mani-rnda kurra-rnda Ngamini manda kurru-rnda Diyari mani-rna kurra-rna Yawarrawarka mandri-windri-Ri Yandruwandha mandri-windri-Ri Kuyani (no entry) Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari group of avengers "murder, at blood avngers" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani big stone Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari big stone, flat stone Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari

Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka madrapaltiri Yandruwandha Kuyani

small stone Wangkangurru kadnakultji Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari mouth Wangkangurru marna Arabana marna Thirari marna Ngamini marna Diyari marna Yawarrawarka marna Yandruwandha marna Kuyani thaya For Kuyani see Adnyamathanha yaya new Wangkangurru marra Arabana marra Thirari marra Ngamini marra-tha Diyari Yandruwandha marra Kuyani Adnyamathana has marra new (Schebeck 1974: 209). to renew, to urge Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to be renewed Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to not join in, to not do as the rest Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to take Wangkangurru mani-rnda Arabana mani-rnda Thirari mani-rnda Ngamini manda Diyari mani-rna Yawarrawarka mandri-indri Yandruwandha mandri-Ri Kuyani attention now! listen now! Wangkangurru Arabana mayi Thirari

Ngamini Diyari mai mayi Yawarrawarka mayi Yandruwandha mayi Kuyani

to open one's mouth Wangkangurru manawilpawitinta marna wirlpa-wityi-rnda Arabana marna wirlpa-tyi-rnda Thirari marna wirlpa ngana-rnda-tha Ngamini marna wiRpa-nta marna wiRpa-ni- Diyari marna wirlpa-ri-rna Yawarrawarka marna wirdpa-na-Ri Yandruwandha marna wirlpa-na-Ri Kuyani to order Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari without anything Wangkangurru maRa wadlanga Arabana maRa wadlanga Thirari Ngamini maRa kala Diyari Most language forms mean "hand empty". to prattle, to chatter "to babble" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani rat Wangkangurru mayarru Arabana mayarru Thirari mayarru Ngamini mayarru Diyari mayarru Yawarrawarka mayikurru Yandruwandha mayikurru Kuyani to be helpless, to be perplexed, to be discouraged, to be dejected, to be despondent Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari

Yawarrawarka mararina Yandruwandha Kuyani

red Wangkangurru pitjirina Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari to collect, to gather "to collect, to assemble" Wangkangurru mapa-rnda Arabana mapa-rnda Thirari duma-rnda Ngamini dumu-rna Diyari kampa-rna Yawarrawarka mapa-indri Yandruwandha mapa-Ri Kuyani to collect for others Wangkangurru mapa-la-rnda Arabana mapa-la-rnda Thirari mapa-iyirpa-rnda Ngamini mapa-parpa-rna Diyari Yandruwandha mapa-na-Ri Kuyani to gather what is scattered Wangkangurru mapa-mapa-rnda Arabana mapa-mapa-rnda Thirari duma-duma-nda Ngamini duma-duma-ri-rna Diyari Yandruwandha mapa-mapa-Ri Kuyani gentle Wangkangurru maRa ngurku Arabana maRa ngurku Thirari Ngamini maRa yampa Diyari Yandruwandha maRa ngumu Kuyani The forms here mean hand good to strengthen for attack Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani the Pleiades Wangkangurru mankarra-kari Arabana mankarra-kari Thirari mankarra-waRa Ngamini mankarra-waRa Diyari mankarra-waRa Yawarrawarka man.garri-ntya Yandruwandha Kuyani The forms here mean girl-plural to care "to provide"" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari manu-yali ngurka-rnda Ngamini manu-nu ngurku-rna Diyari manu-yali ngundra-rna Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani spider Wangkangurru maRangkara Arabana maRangkara Thirari maRangkara Ngamini maRangkara Diyari Yandruwandha maRangkarra Kuyani very small stone Wangkangurru kadnha thiwithiwi Arabana kadnha thiwithiwi Thirari kadna thiwithiwi Ngamini marda thiwithiwi Diyari Yandruwandha mardra thiwithiwi Kuyani kanya thiwithiwi big stone Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari rough stone Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari stony country Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari quiet, not talking Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari bad, sin Wangkangurru madlha Arabana madlhanthi Thirari madlhanthi Ngamini manha Diyari madlhantyi Yawarrawarka madnha Yandruwandha madlhantyi Kuyani barn No entries given to be embarrassed, to be ashamed, to be shy "to feel awkward, to be ashamed, to feel shy, to have attention" Wangkangurru Arabana Thirari Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka Yandruwandha Kuyani type of snake Wangkangurru Arabana

Thirari maljanganti Ngamini Diyari Yawarrawarka