Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.7 [2] -inga prolative suffix
"The function of -inga- is to indicate that there is relative motion between the subject and some other referent, typically that the subject of the verb (i.e. S or A noun phrase) is moving with respect to some other referent."
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.6 [2] -ipa causative transitivizer
Added to some intransitive roots to create a transitive stem. "Stems derived by the addition of -ipa- are manipulative causatives ... involving physical contact between causer (the A NP) and causee (the P NP)". "The affix -ipa has a further function. When used with simple transitive or di-transitive verb roots, -ipa does not affect transitivity but indicates an action performed for the benefit of an animate being other than the (transitive) subject. In this function it is an alternative to -iyirpa." See -iyirpa below.
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.7 [1] -iyirpa altruistic
"May be attached to a transitive or di-transitive root, producing a stem indicating that the action referred to by the verb is done for the benefit of some animate being other than the agent specified by the A NP." In this function it is an alternative to -ipa. See -ipa above.
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.3.2 [1] -ka token
This suffix is added to third person pronouns, location words, and predicate determiners "to indicate that the speaker is referring to a subset of possible referents established by the context".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.1 [2] -kantyi excessive concern
"indicates an 'animate being excessively concerned with or possessed of' qualities denoted by the root".
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.12 [7] -ku sensory evidence
"suffixed to words indicating a new participant or situation which the speaker is adding to the discourse and for which they believe there is sensory evidence confirming what they say. Typically, -ku indicates belief based on sight or hearing".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.7 [2] -ldra additional information
"With non-predicates it indicates that the referent of the word to which it is suffixed has been established by prior discourse as a topic of conversation and the speaker is providing further comment upon this topic, mentioning it again for this reason. ... With predicates, -ldra is added to states of affairs which are new to the discourse and which provide additional explanation of the previous context."
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.1 [3] -lha characteristic
"Added to a spatial location nominal or a common noun designating a geographical feature or some element of the environment -lha forms a stem meaning 'entity which inhabits, grows or is found in' that place. ... also used with temporal location nominals ... to produce a stem which can refer to something animate or inanimate characteristic of the time designated by the root."
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.5 [4] -li ergative case
"codes transitive subject (A) and instrumental functions for all types of nominals".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.6 [1] -lka applicative transitivizer
Added to certain intransitive verb roots to create a transitive verb stem. "The derived stem can have a meaning of accompaniment ... or in a more affective sense."
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.6 [3] -ma causative transitivizer
Added to some intransitive verb roots to create a transitive stem meaning 'cause to V'.
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.6 [4] -mali reciprocal
"may be attached to a simple transitive root of any class or to a di-transitive root deriving in intransitive stem. The intransitive subject noun phrase of a reciprocal stem is restricted to non-singular number and the referents are understood to be acting reciprocally" on each other.
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.5.4 -mara kinship collective
"forms a collective noun when added to a kinship term so that N-mara means 'a group of people one of whom is called 'N' by the others' ... it [also] indicates 'with' or 'having' and is identical in function to the proprietive" -nthu, see below.
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.12 [4] -matha identified information
"indicates that the speaker is asserting that they can identify the situation(s) or referent(s) denoted by the word to which it is suffixed".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.5 [8] -ndru ablative case
"codes physical or temporal location from which an event, typically motion, proceeds, and also indicates indirect cause".
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.10.2 -nga product verbalizer
"Intransitive verbs may be derived from a restricted class of nouns in Diyari and Thirari by the addition of -nga- the product verbalizer; the resulting stem means 'to produce . . .'" The nouns can refer to sounds, or thupu 'smoke'.
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.10.3 -nganka causative verbalizer
"suffixed to noun and adjective roots deriving a transitive verb meaning 'to cause to be . . .'".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.5 [5] -ngu locative case
"codes a number of functions including location in time or space, accompaniment, and complement of certain intransitive verbs".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.5 [8] -ngundru ablative case
"codes physical or temporal location from which an event, typically motion, proceeds, and also indicates indirect cause".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.5 [2] -nha accusative case
Codes transitive object function (P) for non-singular common nouns and female personal names.
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.5 [5] -nhi locative case
"codes a number of functions including location in time or space, accompaniment, and complement of certain intransitive verbs".
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.9.1 -ni nominaliser
"suffixed to verb stems in Diyari and Thirari deriving nominals of two semantic types: [1] it can derive a noun referring to the inanimate instrument typically used to perform the action designated by the stem. ... [2] it can derive an abstract noun denoting the class of situations denoted by the verb stem.".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.6 -nkari direction
"indicates 'in the direction of'. Its exact status is unclear."
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.7 [3] -nthi consequential
"affix indicates that the action or event described by the root occurs immediately after another action or event in the previous discourse context.".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.1 [6] -nthu proprietive
"meaning 'with' or 'having' is suffixed to common noun or adjective roots".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.1 [8] -ntya number
"added to numeral adjectives and the predicate determiner yaru to mean 'just so many in number'. It also occurs with the interrogative wardaru 'how?'".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.3 [3] -parra there
"indicates a position further away than that indicated by -ya but not so far as that covered by -wa".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.4.1
"Reuther’s dictionary contains forms that seem to involve an affix -pini that is part of the same paradigm as these suffixes, e.g. ninkinipini 'as far as this place', which we can analyse as nhingki-nhi-pini. I have not encountered any examples of -pini in my corpus."
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.7 has a note "Reuther’s dictionary contains forms that seem to suggest there was a fourth non-syntactic derivational affix of the form -ra (possibly -ra) used to refer to actions carried out on objects that are scattered about. ... I found no examples of this form in my corpus."
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.3 [1] -rda vicinity
"indicates a position or location close to the speaker, of the order of up to a metre away.".
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.10.1 -ri inchoative
"Inchoative verbs denote entry into a state and translate into English as 'become ...'".
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.10.1 -Ri inchoative
"Inchoative verbs denote entry into a state and translate into English as 'become ...'".
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.12 [1] -rlu still
"-rlu ‘still’ has three semantic functions depending upon the syntactic status of the word to which it is suffixed. Firstly, when suffixed to elements functioning as predicates -rlu has an aspectual meaning: it indicates that the situation described is continuing at the same time indicated by the predicate, having begun at a previous point in time. ... When affixed to the negative polarity particles wata 'not' and pulu 'cannot', -rlu indicates that the situation described by the clause has not or cannot happen yet, although it may at some future time. ... Finally, when suffixed to other parts of speech -rlu serves a contrastive function, narrowing the range of possible referents of a word and excluding some possibilities. It can be translated into English as 'only'".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.5 [7] -rni dative
"codes purposive, benefactive and genitive functions".
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.12 [5] -tha old information
"suffixed to words which denote a situation or referent(s) mentioned in the previous context and which the speaker assumes the hearer can immediately call to mind ".
Note: Diyari Grammar 4.7 -tharri
"The affix -tharri- has a number of functions depending upon the verb class of the verb stem to which is is suffixed" including reflexive, passive, anti-passive and aspectual.
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.3.2 [5] -wa distant
"distant’ (dist) indicates a referent far from the speaker, including one which is distant and invisible."
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.1 [5] -wara plural
"forms a stem of plural number from a common noun or adjective root".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.9 [3] -wu distorted
"Since imperatives are often shouted the final vowel of the verb may be distorted ... to [ʌʊ] or [ʌɪ]. These are written as -wu and -yi in the examples and glossed as 'distort'."
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.5 [7] -ya dative
"codes purposive, benefactive and genitive functions".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.5 [4] -yali ergative case
"codes transitive subject (A) and instrumental functions for all types of nominals".
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.5.9 [3] -yi distorted
"Since imperatives are often shouted the final vowel of the verb may be distorted ... to [ʌʊ] or [ʌɪ]. These are written as -wu and -yi in the examples and glossed as 'distort'."
Note: Diyari Grammar 3.2.1 [2] -yitya habitual association
"This is added to a spatial location nominal, common noun, or adjective root [and to the participial form of a verb] producing a common noun stem meaning 'animate being habitually associated with'"